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1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 117: e210302, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1386341

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii is a apicomplexan parasite of virtually all warm-blooded species. All true cats (Felidae) can act as definitive hosts for this parasite by shedding resistant oocysts into the environment. However, the patterns of oocysts shedding are only partially understood in domestic cats and largely unknown in wild felids. OBJECTIVES We carried out molecular analysis of 82 faecal samples from wild felids collected in the Serra dos Órgãos National Park (Parnaso), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS We screened samples for T. gondii DNA using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting the 529bp DNA fragment. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive samples were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers. RESULTS Only one faecal sample from a Puma yagouaroundi was PCR-positive [cycle threshold (Ct) = 26.88]. This sample was contaminated by a T. gondii strain of BrIII lineage, a common lineage in domestic animals from Brazil. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This first report of T. gondii in faeces of wild South American felids in their natural environment indicates infrequent oocyst shedding and suggests a role of acquired immunity in limiting re-excretion as in domestic cats. The presence of a domestic strain of T. gondii in a faecal sample from a wild felid at very low concentrations (not detected by microscopy) is consistent with the hypothesis of host-parasite co-adaptations limiting the circulation of T. gondii strains between domestic and wild environments.

2.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 20(supl.1): e20190904, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131960

ABSTRACT

Abstract: The Atlantic Forest is an important hotspot of biodiversity and ecosystem services that contributes to the well-being of its 125 million human inhabitants, about three quarters of the Brazilian population. In the coming decades, forecasts show that urban areas in the Atlantic Forest will grow at the expense of natural ecosystems, leading to increasing pressure on biodiversity and ecosystem services. We used the Nature Futures Framework (NFF) for envisioning positive scenarios for cities in the Atlantic Forest. First, we developed a conceptual model based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) approach to describe consequences of urban growth for the three NFF perspectives: Nature for Society, Nature for Nature and Nature as Culture. Second, we proposed scenario storylines that encompass multiple social-ecological values of nature and could be used by policy makers to plan desirable futures for the Atlantic Forest. Then, we discussed the impact of distinct policies on these values, identifying the different ways in which the management of urban green and blue spaces, natural ecosystems, and urban densities can lead to different social-ecological outcomes. We further detail the complexity, trade-offs, and synergies regarding city development, nature conservation, and human well-being in this tropical hotspot. Applying NFF can contribute to the ongoing debate regarding urban sustainability, by providing an interdisciplinary and integrative approach that explicitly incorporates multiple values of nature and the visualization of positive futures.


Resumo: A Mata Atlântica é um importante hotspot de biodiversidade e serviços ecossistêmicos que contribui para o bem-estar de seus 125 milhões de habitantes, cerca de três quartos da população brasileira. Nas próximas décadas, a previsão é de que as áreas urbanas na Mata Atlântica crescerão às custas de ecossistemas naturais, conduzindo a um aumento na pressão sobre a biodiversidade e os serviços ecossistêmicos. Nós usamos a perspectiva do Nature Futures Framework (NFF) para visualizar cenários positivos para as cidades na Mata Atlântica. Em primeiro lugar, desenvolvemos um modelo conceitual baseado na abordagem Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) para descrever as consequências do crescimento urbano para as três perspectivas do NFF: Natureza para a Sociedade, Natureza para a Natureza, e Natureza como Cultura. Em seguida, propusemos cenários na forma de narrativas que abrangem múltiplos valores socioecológicos para a natureza, e que pudessem ser usados por tomadores de decisão para planejar futuros desejáveis para a Mata Atlântica. Posteriormente, discutimos os impactos de distintas políticas sob esses valores, identificando como diferentes maneiras de gerenciar os espaços urbanos verdes e azuis, os ecossistemas naturais, e as densidades urbanas podem conduzir a diferentes contextos socioecológicos. Ainda, nós detalhamos a complexidade, os trade-offs e as sinergias relacionados ao desenvolvimento de cidades, conservação da natureza e bem-estar humano neste hotspot tropical. A aplicação do NFF pode contribuir para o debate em andamento sobre sustentabilidade urbana, por meio do fornecimento de uma abordagem interdisciplinar e integrativa que explicitamente incorpora múltiplos valores da natureza e a visualização de futuros positivos.

3.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 27(2): 131-140, Apr.-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-959182

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the species of felids that inhabit the Serra dos Órgãos National Park (Parnaso) and gastrointestinal parasites at various stages of their life cycles in the feces of these animals. Between 2013 and 2015, felid feces were collected from trails in Parnaso. The sampling points were georeferenced. A total of 82 fecal samples were processed, of which 79 were collected on the ground, two from captured felids and one from a necropsied animal. All samples underwent coproparasitological techniques. Samples collected from the environment underwent additional trichological analysis. Fur patterns corresponding to Leopardus guttulus, Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus wiedii and Puma yagouaroundi were observed in 32 of the samples collected on the soil. High frequency of potentially parasitic evolving forms (88.6%) was observed in felid feces, particularly eggs of the family Diphyllobothriidae (68.6%). Besides, were also detected, eggs of superfamily Ascaridoidea (42.9%), nematode larvae (28.6%), eggs of order Strongylida (28.6%), Capillaria sp. (8.6%), Trichuris sp. (8.6%), eggs of order Spirurida (2.9%), unsporulated coccidian oocysts (8.6%) and Eimeria sp. (2.9%). Felid feces presented higher frequency of polyparasitism (60%) than monoparasitism (28.6%).


Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar as espécies de felídeos que circulam no Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (Parnaso), bem como as formas evolutivas de parasitos gastrintestinais nas fezes desses animais. Entre 2013 e 2015, fezes de felídeos foram coletadas nas trilhas do Parnaso, sendo os pontos de coleta georeferenciados. Foram coletadas 82 amostras fecais, sendo 79 do ambiente, duas de felídeos capturados e uma de um animal necropsiado. Todas as amostras foram submetidas a técnicas coproparasitológicas, sendo as coletadas do ambiente também analisadas pela tricologia. Em 32 amostras coletadas do solo foram identificados padrões de pelos de Leopardus guttulus , Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus wiedii e Puma yagouaroundi. Elevada frequência de formas evolutivas potencialmente parasitárias (88,6%) foi evidenciada nas fezes dos felídeos, destacando os ovos da Família Diphyllobotrhiidae (68,6%). Além destes, também foram detectados, ovos da superfamília Ascaridoidea (42,9%), larvas de nematoides (28,6%), ovos da ordem Strongylida (28,6%), Capillaria sp. (8,6%), Trichuris sp. (8,6%), ovos da família Spirurida (2,9%), oocistos de coccídios não esporulados (8,6%) e Eimeria sp. (2,9%). As fezes dos felídeos apresentaram maior frequência de poliparasitismo (60%) que de monoparasitismo (28,6%).


Subject(s)
Animals , Gastrointestinal Tract/parasitology , Felidae/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary , Brazil , Feces/parasitology , Parks, Recreational
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